Announcement

Collapse
No announcement yet.

Announcement

Collapse
No announcement yet.

"Period" Civilian Bridles....

Collapse
X
 
  • Filter
  • Time
  • Show
Clear All
new posts

  • "Period" Civilian Bridles....

    This could have been an extension of another thread where discussion evolved into the artifacts housed in the Arabia Museum in Kansas City however, I felt it deserved its own thread.

    As artifacts for study, mid-19th century civilian period bridles are very difficult to identify. Their common appearance and similarities in pattern, manufacture, hardware etc. throughout the 19th century often render exact dating of them nearly impossible. Certain types of hardware (buckles), rivets and bits (detachable and therefore suspect) are often very useful but not always conclusive. Without other decisive evidence such as museum records or family history dating an otherwise period bridle is speculative at best.
    Therefore, when one finds artifacts such as that from the, quite literal time capsule that is the Arabia, well, it should be cause to stand up and take notice.

    The photos enclosed came from that wonderful collection. These were taken and sent to me many years ago by one of the founders of the collection, David Hawley. While they show different types of bridles the patterns and hardware are very informative.

    The first two photos show common draught/draft/coach type bridles as indicated by the type bit and the use of the rein safe (this kept the reins from being tangled in the legs of the horse or other harness). Nevertheless, I'd like to point out the leather cuts, the rosettes and make special note of the common iron horseshoe buckles employed. These buckles were very, very common prior to and during the war (in both civilian and military applications) including extensive use by Confederate makers.

    The third photo is of what I beleive to be riding bridles. Sorry the photo is not the best but "it is what it is" and hopefully helpful.

    The last photo is of a grouping of bits that were crated for shipment on the Arabia. You will note their similarity to later period "mule bits" but also note that they are quite different and should not be confused with the post war mule bit. In one of my articles on the web site (the Richmond Arsenal Officer's bit) I go into more detail on these bits.

    Anyway, recently some folks have asked me about civilian bridles. When the subject of the Arabia came up I went back into my files for these photographs and it got me to thinking. While we can speculate, figuring out what is truly of the period is difficult and honestly, I often wonder myself. There is alot of great post war information and illustrations to be found in catalogs, etc. but, pre war and war time descriptions, illustrations or photographs are few and far between. In short, there is not much solid "pre-war" documentation to go on for civilian bridles which is why this is so special and so I wanted to at least, share these photos here. Does anyone have anything they can share?

    Ken R Knopp
    Attached Files
    Last edited by Ken Knopp; 10-25-2009, 12:26 AM.

  • #2
    Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

    Thanks for posting this Ken. It is helpful to me, personally, as always. I have particular interest in any civilian horse tack from the antebellum and CW years periods.
    Patrick McAllister
    Saddlebum

    "Bíonn grásta Dé idir an diallait agus an talamh

    Comment


    • #3
      Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

      [I]Thanks for posting this Ken.[/I] It is helpful to me, personally, as always. I have particular interest in any civilian horse tack from the antebellum and CW years periods.[/QUOTE]


      Ditto.
      [FONT="Georgia"][B][I][U]Ken Pettengale[/U][/I][/B][/FONT]
      [I]Volunteer Company, UK[/I]


      "You may not like what you see, but do not on that account fall into the error of trying to adjust it to suit your own vision of what it ought to have been."
      -- [I][B]George MacDonald Fraser[/B][/I]

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

        The bits are pretty neat... is that japanning on them? I'd like to see more of the spurs in the background as well. I guess one day I'm gonna have to make a trip up to the Arabia to see all of this stuff in the flesh. Thanks for posting this Ken, and thanks for the pics of the saddle in question over on the other thread, that Spanish saddle is sweet!
        Dios, libertad y Tejas,
        Scott McMahon
        Pyramid #593
        Grand Lodge of Texas A.F.&A.M.

        "It was not unusual, on the march from the Rio Grande, to behold the most decided evidences of terror and apprehension among the Mexican inhabitants, and more particularly whenever they caught sight of the Texas rangers..."

        John S. Jenkins- History of the War Between the United States and Mexico

        Comment


        • #5
          Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

          Ken... you've been holding out! Wow! I actually have a bit exactly like those... I was stupid enought to clean the remaining black from it as a teenager... I thought it had bee spray-painted! Agggghhhh.... Thanks for sharing the pics! Zack
          [B][FONT="Book Antiqua"][SIZE="4"][I]Zack Ziarnek[/I][/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
          [email]ill6thcav@yahoo.com[/email]

          Authentic Campaigner since 1998... Go Hard or Go Home!

          "Look back at our struggle for Freedom, Trace our present day's strength to its source, And you'll find that this country's pathway to glory, Is strewn with the bones of the horse." Anonymous

          Comment


          • #6
            Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

            Here are some other Arabia photos from the same grouping. The first shows some Dragoon type bits, the second spurs, the third stirrups and the final photo, a "room" shot that gives you a small idea of the numbers and kinds of other items that were on board this vessal.
            The stirrups are interesting because alot of these types survive today which gives us a clear understanding of at least one common "pre-war" pattern. Anyway, I thought you folks might be interested in this. If you ever get to Kansas City it is worth the trip to see this collection.

            Ken R Knopp
            Attached Files

            Comment


            • #7
              Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

              Gents, with repeated requests for information, inspired by Patrick McAlister and, having a bit more time than usual due to being laid up from neck surgery, I endeavored to research and write an article on civilian bridles. While I haven’t shopped it yet I hope to have it published in my usual “rags”, NORTH SOUTH TRADER’S CIVIL WAR and CAMP CHASE, I include some excerpts here and some photos. Additional photos (ten in all) will accompany the article when published. I wanted to launch it here FIRST for comments and questions in the hopes to improve upon it. So I welcome your responses. Please excuse my brazen persumptions and I thank you for indulging me.
              Ken R Knopp



              CIVILIAN BRIDLES OF ANTEBELLUM AMERICA By Ken R Knopp

              .............Civilian bridles of the period came in two basic types- those for coach (or buggies) and wagon teams and, those for riding. Riding bridles differed greatly from coach or wagon bridle patterns that tended to be more durable, decorative and have (but not always) blinders. Our study here will focus primarily on those for riding. While there is a lot of great post war information and illustrations about civilian bridles to be found, those from the early 19th century and even war time era are few and far between...............
              Nevertheless, there are methods. Period harness maker’s manuals are tremendously revealing as is identification of their appearance through their patterns and “Lorinery” (hardware) components. The most obvious of these, bridle bits, are often questionable however because they were sometimes detachable. Yet, certain types of buckles and rivets can be quite useful. In summary, for a better understanding of period bridles we must therefore rely on all of the above evidence and...........................
              In general, the Antebellum riding bridle took its name from the style of bit attached to it such as “plain snaffle”, “Port”, “Pelham” or, “Port & Bradoon” bridle. The basic headstall included a crown piece, two cheek pieces with or without billets and buckles, front piece (brow band), throat latch and reins. All being made up most often in matching materials. Two basic riding bridle patterns were employed. A “plain” bridle headstall that held a single bit and, the very popular double cheek bridle that employed two bits- a port bit and a bradoon bit. In the early to mid-19th century the common men’s riding bridle was much less varied in character than the more ornate military, coach or ladies bridles. Even with these their ornamentation consisted principally of cross face pieces, tassels and brass work. 2. So, what were the materials of the bridal headstall?
              Leather had been in common use for this item for centuries and of course, by the 19th century was still the most dominant material. Three kinds of leather were generally used for bridles- black harness, russet bridle leather and buff. Light weights were always used, with the cheek pieces and reins cut from the firmest part of the leather side. English russet was most preferred. Buff leather was only used when matching to saddle seats or knee pads of rough out or buckskin. Beyond that, the use of leather in wide ranging cuts, stains and finishes such as round, layered, waxed, enameled, patent, etc. was as variant as the owners personal desire for the bridle’s appearance and only limited by the ability to make it and cost. 3. ...............
              Other, more economical indigenous materials were also in common use especially on the frontier such as rawhide, woven horse hair, Spanish Moss, rope and even bark. Round leather and gilded cloth was very popular at this time as was newer materials coming into the common realm like cotton webbing for inexpensive, plain bridles. One fairly consistent factor was the width of the material. Bridles had to be strong and sturdy to fit and hold a variety of bits (and buckles). As a result, whatever the materials employed the width ranged from ½ inch to one inch but the “standard” width of the cheek pieces tended to be 3/4's of an inch. 4.
              The stitching of the leather, either in general or, of buckles and other components was hand sewn at six to ten stitches per inch and often using hand spun thread. Even during the war, it was rare for a sewing machine to have been used but it did become more common late in the century.................. Copper rivets were rarely used on bridles before the war and split (tubular) rivets were a post war (1870's) invention.
              ................. Being expensive, brass buckles of various patterns were popular on more “high-end” bridles as was occasionally leather covered (hand sewn) buckles. While iron, cast and finished with paint, japanned or hand forged, was more common on the “everyman” bridle. Again, those in use at the farther reaches of civilization often did not use buckles but employed the materials at hand in the form of latigo ties and buttons. Buckle patterns varied widely in styles such as sunk-bar, frame, horseshoe either of cast iron or brass, often they were hand forged. Roller buckles were increasingly common during the period too. They may go back as far as Medieval times but the means to mass produce them in America was not in common use until just prior to the Civil War. ..................
              One of the more colorful aspects in the appearance of 19th century civilian bridles were their decorative enhancements which were by design an indication of social status. This was particularly true of coach or wagon bridles. ...............However, for men’s riding bridles, especially those in the east, the plain, conservative, Puritan/Victorian bent of 19th century American society was clearly dominant. As noted above bridle hardware such as the type buckles used had their popular styles of the day but other indulgences of individual taste for men’s riding bridles were generally restrained to that of fancy stitching and rosettes. For example, brass or other variant rosettes were typical to the common bridles while fine leather (often layered) rosettes to high-end men’s bridles. Other more fanciful add-ons such as tassels and face cross plates were limited to military bridles, ladies dress bridles or, the upper class and their team equipment as a means to illustrate their wealth. 6.
              On the other hand, farther west there appeared to be less constraint and, often a certain geographic flair. For example, in Texas or the far west, Indian influences could be found in the use of feathers, horse hair and beads or, a strong often gaudy, Spanish influence with colorful designs of braided leather, cloth, horse hair, silver plates and conchos. Nevertheless, there can be no doubt decorative embellishments of early 19th century bridles were limited by social proprieties, a lack of exposure, access to materials and financial costs. 7............................



              PHOTO # 1: Fancy coach or team bridle. Note the fancy face piece, tassels, skillful sometimes colored leather work and stitching. The winkers (a.k.a. blinders) were round or oval for coach bridles and often had brasses, fancy monogram stitching or the owner’s initials. For light buggy or road harness (wagon teams) the winkers were generally more plain and squared. Most team bridle bits had different mouthpieces than riding bridles (rarely using a port but rather a snaffle or straight bit) but for coach and buggies, the cheeks of the bit were often equally as ornate as the bridle- all meant to illustrate the wealth of the owner. 1875 Harness Maker’s Manual.

              PHOTO # 2: Very common men’s riding bridle headstall of the period. Note the cast iron “wire” horse shoe buckles which were probably the most common bridle buckle of the 19th century. They were easy to make and found on all types of early civilian, military and Confederate bridles as well as other applications. Photo by author courtesy the Atlanta History Center.

              PHOTO # 3: Double Cheek Port & Bradoon Riding Bridle. Two bits were used- a port for more control and a snaffle for light use. This type bridle was very common to the period both in civilian and military use.

              PHOTO # 4: Ladies Dress Bridle Headstall (without bit) Note the fancy tassel, combination of round and flat leather and, rosettes employed to suggest a graceful feminine touch, wealth or both.

              PHOTO # 5: Gen. Patrick Cleburn’s Bridle reputedly a pick up from the battlefield of Franklin. Note its round leather cheek pieces, sunk-bar frame buckles and rosettes. The bit is a straight-bar snaffle wagon (mule) bit, not a typical riding bit and therefore not likely original to the bridle. Photo courtesy the Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond Va.

              PHOTO # 6: This bridle just came to light. It is also a "Plain", very typical riding bridle with brass horse shoe buckles. Never had rosettes
              Attached Files

              Comment


              • #8
                Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                Ken,
                with all the hoop walla over Bummers I some how missed your post until this morning..and what a post!
                Thanks so much for putting your skills to work inthe civilian tack arena. the more I get into that subject the more I realize how much harder it seems to be to find much on it. Any info you come up with is a huge help to me, personally, and probably should be for ANY mounted feller in reenacting since I believe we so often forget those boys had lives before and (hopefully) after the conflict. In my opinion if one was "into" horses before joining the cav then he would certainly have been familiar with what was commonly available/used in the civilian equine world of his day. Just makes sense to me. Besides that, with the growing interest and /or opportunities in the civilian side of reenacting it is becoming ever more appropriate to work into the various events roles for MOUNTED civilians. It has been a real eye opener for me, once I started considering the possibilities out there, just how well it can and does fit into that end of reenacting.
                As always I am struck by how similar some of those bits and bridles are to many modern types still commonly available to horsemen. I suppose its a "why fix what aint broke" type deal.
                On a personal note. In may I will be sheriffing at Boonesfiled Village in Mo (hopefully mounted) and while out there I plan to visit the Arabia to see this stuff for myself. I am really looking foward to that one.
                thanks Ken!
                Patrick McAllister
                Saddlebum

                "Bíonn grásta Dé idir an diallait agus an talamh

                Comment


                • #9
                  Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                  Hi Ken,

                  While I am still in "Bummers decompression" I have to echo what Paddy said above about this post. What a jewel! While the miltary side is fascinating and a study in adaptation, the civilian side of this is really the "meat and potatoes" of the tack world. I love this stuff whether for a portrayal or just for pleasure riding. It reflects the era of when the horse and equestrian expertise ruled supreme! Thank you for all of this information as this is like having our own personal museum director at our disposal!!

                  Mark C.
                  7th TN. Cav.
                  J. Mark Choate
                  7th TN. Cavalry, Co. D.

                  "Let history dictate our impressions.......not the other way around!"

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                    Well, thanks gents!! Very kind of you. Can I ask for your assistance to please help me by providing your opinions on what is "not" presented, understandable, etc. or, what needs more clarity or illustrations? I'd really like input. BTW, I purposedly left out the opening/ending paragraph and other parts not terribly important. I will post when/where I get it published so you can get the finished product.
                    I also post a few more photos and drawings below from my archives for your use and enjoyment.

                    Thoughts?


                    Ken R Knopp




                    1. A British Army headstall used by the 17th Lancers at Balaclava (Crimean War). Note the cross face piece and tassles. 17th Lancers Museum, London.

                    2. Photo of T.J. Jackson's bridle on his horse Little Sorrel, NOte the round leather and use of rings in the making of this bridle which was a very common type configuration (in variable forms). The bit is a bit odd and appears to me more like a coach bit rather than a riding bit however, I did not closely examine it. VMI Museum, Lexington Va.

                    3. A difficult photo to discern but it shows a pre-war, civilian "Dragoon era" bridle. Note the hardware and the leather curb strap. The bit (unseen) is a Grimsley Dragoon pattern but I believe these were sold by Grimsley for both civilian and military use.

                    4. Illustration from the book, MAN MADE MOBILE depicting an 1856 drawing of a Spanish man with saddle and equipments in California. Note the fancy, silver adorned bridle and saddle.

                    5. An early (1771) English painting of a horse with saddle.

                    6. This photo is reputed to be of G.W. Custer on a "captured" Confederate horse. The Jenifer is certainly plainly noted but take a look at the bridle. CS?

                    7. While modern examples the concept is the same- to mount the bridle headstall or reins without the use of a buckle. On left is a leather “button” and right, a latigo tie. Both came in many forms during the period.
                    Attached Files

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                      Oh!!, almost forgot!! Here is one more on hardware I am yet working on. I need to improve this somewhat so it is a rough draft but does provide a good idea on types of hardware to employ on bridles.

                      Thanks,

                      Ken R Knopp



                      Caption: Antebellum Civilian Bridle & Harness Buckles:

                      Many variations exist.
                      Top Row, L - R
                      1. Hand Forged Square buckle
                      2.-3. Fancy 18th Century Scotch brass harness or gear buckles
                      4. Flat Top Turned Up Buckle, (aka “Band” buckle)

                      Middle Row, L- R
                      1. Cast Brass Horseshoe (aka Philadelphia, Crescent or Union Buckles) these were very common civilian and military buckles made of either brass, brass sheathed or iron.
                      2. Brass Horse Shoe with iron tongue
                      3. Very common 18th-19th Century cast iron (or brass) horse shoe buckle sometimes called “Wire Bridle” buckles.
                      4. Spade buckle. Those with a point at the top were called “Crown” buckles.
                      5. Beveled iron buckle with very common brass sheathing.

                      Bottom Row, L- R
                      1. Oval Sunk Bar Frame Buckle. Those with a point at top were called
                      “Crown” buckles,
                      2. Square Sunk Bar Buckle of cast brass.
                      3. Fancy coach and riding buckles were often leather covered. This is an imitation leather covered buckle of cast iron.
                      4. Roller Buckles (brass or iron). Top: Square Wire Roller. Early 19th century “wire” rollers were machine formed and often had hand forged tongues. Those with an oval shape were called “Barrel” Rollers. Bottom: Common cast iron roller buckle.
                      5. Cast brass beveled buckle variation.
                      Attached Files

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                        Ken,

                        I think I can "hear" book #3 from Ken Knopp in the making, ha.

                        When did roller buckles first appear? I am somewhat amazed that some of these pictured were from early 19th century.

                        Mark C.
                        7th TN.
                        J. Mark Choate
                        7th TN. Cavalry, Co. D.

                        "Let history dictate our impressions.......not the other way around!"

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                          Lets hope so Mark! I would love that for ye ole book shelf.

                          I have some of those brass horseshoe buckles. I used to be kinda skeered to use them on anything for our period...until now that is. They look just like the ones pictured. One unfortunate (but understandable) thing I am learning about period , and especially, antebellum civilian saddles is that if one wants to use any reproduction saddle other than a texas or muley for a civie impression look out because everything else is high$ and there arent many other options available either. Stuart Lillie makes a beautiful english type but the cost is damn near as much as my horse...sigh
                          Last edited by Outrider; 11-20-2009, 04:39 PM. Reason: I spell like a child
                          Patrick McAllister
                          Saddlebum

                          "Bíonn grásta Dé idir an diallait agus an talamh

                          Comment


                          • #14
                            Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                            Paddy,
                            has anyone thought of getting a blank english tree and having a saddlemaker use period hardware and correct leather on it?
                            [I][SIZE=3]Jeff Gibson[/SIZE][/I]
                            [SIZE=3][I]Consolidated Independent Rangers[/I][/SIZE]
                            [I][SIZE=3]Formerly of Sunny Central Florida now the rolling hills of Tennessee[/SIZE][/I]

                            Comment


                            • #15
                              Re: "Period" Civilian Bridles....

                              I took these at the Nashville CW show this past weekend. Got some other interesting shots of other things including saddles and uniforms I will try to post this weekend.


                              1. Here is another photo of a period "plain" bridle. It has rather "classic" brass 'wire" buckles very common to the period. Authentic period bridles are scarce. This is a good example.

                              2. Collectors often call this type bit a Confederate officer's bit. I am not so sure. While similar bits in fragments and in whole have been excavated from war time sites they are also very similar to post war bits. Differentiating Federal from CS from civilian "all brass" bits like these is difficult and usually entirely speculative. The rein buckle is a period "imitation leather" cast iron horseshoe. This bit was for sale for $1,400 as I recall. Anyway, interesting.

                              Ken R Knopp

                              Attached Files
                              Last edited by Ken Knopp; 12-09-2009, 11:52 PM.

                              Comment

                              Working...
                              X