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Dishes: did they match?

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  • Dishes: did they match?

    Based on a recent discussion with some fellow reenactors/living historians there is some discrepancy as to whether or not people would have a set of matching dishes. I would like to discuss the research people have found that supports either argument. I will start with this:

    Archaeologically it has been found that contrasting patterns were used. In the article Nineteenth-Century Ceramics and Models of Consumer Behavior by: Terry H. Klein it is discussed that:

    " Wall's complex study focuses on the changing role of middle class and elite women in New York City during the late 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, using ceramics from archaeological sites in the city as one means of measuring how and when women became actively involved in the growth of the "cult of domestic ity." Wall identifies an elaboration, through time, in the vessels that were used in meals. This elaboration is reflected in an increase in decorative styles, the amount of decoration, the relative cost of ceramic vessels, and the use of contrasting dinner ware sets in a single household (Wall 1987:25). During the early 19th century, meals take on the form of a ritual and are the time when women affirm the moral values of the family (Wall 1987: 25).

    As the role of women changes, so do the patterns of ceramic purchase and use. These changes occur first in households of upper economic and social positions, and then appear in the lower economic and social groups. Further, these changes occur in urban households before they are visible in the majority of rural households.

    By the 1830s, printed wares be come the most popular tea and table wares. As the price of printed wares fell, the variety of vessel forms and sizes available increased (Miller et al. 1989:18).

    There was an increase in the availability of matched sets of tablewares as the price of printed wares decreased. Large sets, however, were not really common until the end of the 19th century (Miller et al. 1989:24). "

    The above are the three quotes from the article that explain the lack of use of matching dishes.

    I would love to see what anyone else has found on this topic.

    Thanks,
    Felicia Konrad
    Felicia Konrad
    ~ "If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday." - Pearl Buck

  • #2
    Re: Dishes: did they match?

    I WILL search out some sources when I get the chance.
    When exploring this topic, we need to remember a few things. Industrialization came on fast, so habits that were common in the 1830s may be entirely different by the 1860s. Trash pits used in archeology are just that... for trash, thus broken dishes which are replaced.
    Service mode was in transition, so it takes different dishes in different amounts to put on French Service and Service a la Russe.
    A number of sets may go into a "full dinner" set that may compliment but not necessarily match. In other words, a matched set of dessert dishes in one pattern is used after a matched set of dinner dishes in another pattern is used for the main courses.
    Socio-economic status comes in to play, as does when the Lady of the House began outfitting her Table and also great changes to the entertaining status of the Family.
    As I said, I'll get back to you after my event with sources and ponderances.
    -Elaine "Ivy Wolf" Kessinger

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    • #3
      Re: Dishes: did they match?

      I agree full heartedly agree with most of this. I do think that by contrasting dishes they mean that every dish on the table did not match one another. i.e.: as you said the matching dessert dishes did not have the same exact pattern as the dinner plates. I too agree with the Socio-economic status playing a large role. I think reading up on the cult of domesticity and how that impacted consumerism choices is very important. The study I mentioned did not focus on just trash pits. It also looked at historic sources and writings on consumer patterns i.e.: Wall's 1987 work. It also looked at things found within work spaces and spaces occupied by families.

      I took some time and went through probate records and such to see how dishes are listed and all of the ones that I looked at only had numbers of types of dishes not patterns listed. i.e.: 6 teacups 6 saucers 5 forks 5 knives.
      Last edited by FeliciaKonrad; 08-01-2017, 12:58 PM.
      Felicia Konrad
      ~ "If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday." - Pearl Buck

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      • #4
        Re: Dishes: did they match?

        I woul debate the issue of mismatched dishware. My great grandmother born in 1848, and married at 14 had a very large set that she brought over from England. Granted that she had 13 children, her last being my grandmother, however when I was a child her blue and white staffordshire were littered all over our yard, and my grandparents with flower pots in them. They sat out year after year in the snow and hot weather. When I moved away and discovered their value, I gathered up placesettings for 20 peoeple! The pattern dated as far back as 1837!

        I cannot think of a primary diary source just now, but remembered a line from a favourite book, "The Barclay's Of Boston" from 1854.
        "But this china-closet demands a special notice. In the first place, it should have been donominated a cabinet, so ample were it's dimension,s and so rare and costly its contents; in fact, the sight of it was sufficient to drive a collector of curiosities quite mad, and to arouse all manner of envious feelings in the breasts of porcelain hunters. Every variety of the old burnt china, so valuable even in its own land, the curiosly cracked, with the rare colours, and the transparent biscuit were all there. Whole sets of these, separately arranged, many of them with the arms and initials of the family, graced the broad shelves, interspersed with green dragons and blue cats. There were dinner services innumerable and tea to match, and such superb desserts! In fact, there was no end of the beauty and value of these treasures. John Leander (hired butler) stood, spell-bound, before the above mentioned wonders of porceelain which Peter exhibited in the most vain-glorious manner, inquiring if he had ever set his two eyes upon the like; which John Leander was fain to confess, much against his will, he never had." page 234

        It's my own opinion that people in the mid-century expressed their wealth not only in dress, but also by the contents of their household. A home may have had older furniture but to have a home filled with books or plate service truly expressed your wealth.
        Sadly today, most folks do not know how to really dine. When I was a child every Sunday we had a large formal, family dinner with courses of plates and rows of glasses and flatware. And this was of an age before electric dishwashers! Today most folks eat everything on one plate, often seated on a sofa by the tv or computer. The knowledge of how to dine at a table has become lost to most Americans. Thankfully there are a few stores left in this country thatt feature large sets of dinnerware but few follow those rules today. It's a pity, you could learn a good deal about a person while eating a meal together.

        Here's a question for you, how many sets of dishes do you have in your home? How many period sets do you own as well?
        I have 8 sets of china in my kitchen, likely just as many, or more, in my storage spaces, and 6 other sets only used for period events. So forgive me, I like to enjoy that vain-glorious feeling when eating with friends, especially at events! :-)
        Mfr,
        Judith Peebles.
        No Wooden Nutmegs Sold Here.
        [B]Books![B][/B][/B] The Original Search Engine.

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        • #5
          Re: Dishes: did they match?

          The question is more about everyday common people and not the wealthy. This is also where the anthropology/archaeology research was focused which was shared. We can see huge beautiful matching sets at presidential homes and the fancy is what has really survived. The fancy is also what museums want to display because that is what people want to see. Also the fancy is what would more often survive. The regular and plain would be used, broken, tossed which is where archaeology steps in (not just talking about digging in the ground - it goes so far beyond that). Examples of matching sets seem to also go along with wealth. Even so, if a dish was broken and someone still would want to have a large meal with family/friends what would they do? Buy a plate that they liked. Not buy a whole new set and start over. The cycle of using mismatched has begun.

          In my house we have two sets of modern everyday dishes. Both sets are partial because items have been broken so they are used together. We have a nice set of ancestor china which also is missing a couple pieces. For living history there is a mix of blue willow, white ironstone, and flow blue.

          I also enjoy eating with friends, and don't find it vain. We do so using the most matched dishes we can. Then fill in from there. I do not like to use modern life to compare mid-19th century but I will for a moment. I am not upper class but middle class. Having mismatched dishes with some being hand-downs. When having large meals some mismatching occurs to make it work if over 6 or so. From that point of view, it makes perfect since that non-wealthy 150 years ago would be doing the same. The field of archeological research, within the field of anthropology, seems to match, thus far.

          Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology and cultural anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence is a branch of anthropology in the United States.
          Respectfully,

          Jeremy Bevard
          Moderator
          Civil War Digital Digest
          Sally Port Mess

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          • #6
            Re: Dishes: did they match?

            Yes, I did think that you were speaking of middle class. My relatives that I spoke of certainly didn't even make middle class. My gg-mother went into the work house at age 9 but was trained for service, could not read, but did a good job of seeing all of her children in some sort of good living. The old lady died in November of 1947 of an hit and run accident, she still lived on her own and was as smart as a whip! Luckily, I inherited most of her belongings, so feel very fortunate.
            As for eating off of chipped china, it may work for family, but from the ettiquette books, it was not done in front of company. Plenty of period magazines, and household help books went a long way to promote eating in a proper or refined style. As I recall, only asparagrass, biscuits, and fried chicken were eaten with your fingers......it's been a while since I read them so may refresh that comment later.
            Mfr,
            Judith Peebles.
            No Wooden Nutmegs Sold Here.
            [B]Books![B][/B][/B] The Original Search Engine.

            Comment

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